The ocean’s salinity varies between 3.2% and 3.7%, with the Arabian Sea having the highest salinity level to about 120 meters because of the high evaporation rate. Highly saline water from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf enters the ocean and sinks below the freshwater surface (between 600 m and 1,000 m), forming the North Indian High Salinity Intermediate Water. In the Monsoon zone, the ocean’s surface circulates in reverses at least twice a year, featuring the two large opposing gyres, which develop in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.īelow the ocean’s surface, the deepwater circulation is irregular and sluggish. The two main currents in the ocean are the Agulhas Return Current and Agulhas Current, controlled by the monsoon. The Indian Ocean’s hydrological characteristics are influenced by interactions between the weather elements, such as wind, rain, and solar energy, and the ocean’s currents. Human activities in and around the ocean region have induced greenhouse warming, leading to frequent El Nino. The Indian Ocean is the world’s warmest ocean and continuously warmed at about 34.2 degrees Fahrenheit between 19. The trade winds prevail almost throughout the year, but particularly strongest between June and September. Other seas, bays, and gulfs of the Indian Ocean are the Andaman Sea, Mozambique Channel, Laccadive Sea, Timor Sea, and the Persian Gulf. It is separated from the Arabian Sea by mainland India. The Bay of Bengal is the Indian Ocean’s second-largest extension at 2.6 million square kilometers. The Red Sea spans 438,000 square kilometers, while the Gulf of Eden covers about 410,000 square kilometers. It is connected to the Red Sea by the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Eden. ![]() ![]() The Arabian Sea, located in the northern Indian Ocean, is the largest, covering about 3.86 million square kilometers. The Indian Ocean has fewer marginal sea seas than the Pacific or Indian Oceans, with most of its seas covering less than 500,000 square kilometers. The five largest rivers emptying into the ocean are Zambezi, Jubba, Indus, Murray, and Ganges-Brahmaputra. The rivers draining into the Indian Ocean are relatively shorter than those of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Roughly 50% of the Indian Ocean’s drainage basin is in Asia, while the rest is shared by Africa (30%) and Australasia (20%). The drainage basin is divided into over 800 smaller basins. The Indian Ocean is home to many ‘paradise’ island nations, including the Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka.The Indian Ocean drains approximately 21.1 million square kilometers or about 30% of its total surface area. With crystal clear warm water, it’s home to a wide range of colorful corals and many species of fish, shark, rays, turtles, dolphins and more to explore – it’s little wonder! 6. 4 It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. The Indian Ocean is a popular destination for scuba diving. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km 2 (27,240,000 sq mi) or 19.8 of the water on Earth 's surface. ![]() The average temperature of the Indian Ocean is a balmy 71 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Celsius) – making it the warmest ocean in the world! 5. ![]() The Indian Ocean’s boundaries are Bangladesh, India, Iran and Pakistan to the north, Australia, Indonesia and Malaysia to the east, Antarctica to the south and Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to the west – and it’s home to some of the worlds busiest ports, including Jakarta (Indonesia), Columbo ( Sri Lanka), Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai (India), Melbourne (Australia), Durban ( South Africa). Its average depth is 3,960 meters, with its deepest point, the Java Trench near the Sunda Islands, off the coast of Indonesia at 7,500 meters. However, its not small by any standards – it accounts for approximately 20% of the total water that covers the surface of Earth. Surrounded by Asia, Australia and the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean is the smallest of the three major oceans, stretching between the tips of Africa and Australia and is 28,350,000 square miles in size. It’s encompassed by oceans, and is actually relatively small. Think you know everything you can learn about this sunny corner of the world? Read on to discover some fun facts about the Indian Ocean. Littered with island paradises, the Indian Ocean is often at the top of many people’s holiday bucket lists.
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